• Mechanism of Action: Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressive agent when administered systemically. In patients whose tear production is presumed to be suppressed due to ocular inflammation associated with keratoconjunctivitis sicca, cyclosporine emulsion is thought to act as a partial immunomodulator. The exact mechanism of action is not known.
• Dosage: One drop twice daily in each eye (approximately 12 hours apart).

Restasis (cyclosporine ophthalmic emulsion) 0.05% is a calcineurin inhibitor immunosuppressant indicated to increase tear production in patients whose tear production is presumed to be suppressed due to ocular inflammation associated with keratoconjunctivitis sicca. The preservative-free solution is packaged in single-use vials.

Yes

Not specified

Cyclosporine

Topical

Prescription

0.05%

• Mechanism of Action: Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressive agent when administered systemically. In patients whose tear production is presumed to be suppressed due to ocular inflammation associated with keratoconjunctivitis sicca, cyclosporine emulsion is thought to act as a partial immunomodulator. The exact mechanism of action is not known.
• Dosage: One drop twice daily in each eye (approximately 12 hours apart).

Restasis Multidose (cyclosporine ophthalmic emulsion) 0.05% is a calcineurin inhibitor immunosuppressant indicated to increase tear production in patients whose tear production is presumed to be suppressed due to ocular inflammation associated with keratoconjunctivitis sicca. The preservative-free solution is dispensed from a bottle with a unidirectional valve and air filter.

Yes

Not specified

Cyclosporine

Topical

Prescription

0.05%

• Mechanism of Action: Lifitegrast binds to the integrin lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1), a cell surface protein found on leukocytes and blocks the interaction of LFA-1 with its cognate ligand intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). ICAM-1 may be overexpressed in corneal and conjunctival tissues in dry eye disease. LFA-1/ICAM-1 interaction can contribute to the formation of an immunological synapse resulting in T-cell activation and migration to target tissues. In vitro studies demonstrated that lifitegrast may inhibit T-cell adhesion to ICAM-1 in a human T-cell line and may inhibit secretion of inflammatory cytokines in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The exact mechanism of action of lifitegrast in dry eye disease is not known.
• Dosage: One drop twice daily in each eye (approximately 12 hours apart).

Xiidra (lifitegrast ophthalmic solution) 5% is a lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) antagonist indicated for the treatment of the signs and symptoms of dry eye disease (DED).

Yes

Not specified

Lifitegrast

Topical

Prescription

5%

• Mechanism of Action: Cyclosporine is a calcineurin inhibitor immunosuppressant agent when administered systemically. In patients whose tear production is presumed to be suppressed due to ocular inflammation associated with keratoconjunctivitis sicca, topical administration of cyclosporine is thought to act as a partial immunomodulator. The exact mechanism of action is not known.
• Dosage: One drop twice daily (approximately 12 hours apart) into each eye.

Cequa (cyclosporine ophthalmic solution) 0.09% was the first and only dry eye treatment to combine cyclosporine A with nanomicellar technology. It is indicated to increase tear production in patients with keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye) and comes as a preservative-free, aqueous solution in a single-use vial. According to the compant, the nanomicellar formulation allows the CsA molecule to overcome solubility challenges, penetrate the eye’s aqueous layer and prevents the release of the active lipophilic molecule prior to penetration.

Yes

Not specified

Nanomicellar cyclosporine

Topical

Prescription

0.09%

• Mechanism of Action: Cyclosporine is a cyclic polypeptide immunomodulator with immunosuppressant properties. In patients with dry eye disease, a condition that may be considered to have an inflammatory immunological mechanism, following ocular administration, cyclosporin is passively absorbed into T-lymphocyte infiltrates in the cornea and conjunctiva and inactivates calcineurin phosphatase. Cyclosporin-induced inactivation of calcineurin inhibits the dephosphorylation of the transcription factor NF-AT and prevents NF-AT translocation into the nucleus, thus blocking the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-2.
• Dosage: One drop once daily at bedtime.

Ikervis (1 mg/mL cyclosporine) is indicated for the treatment of severe keratitis in adult patients with dry eye disease, which has not improved despite treatment with tear substitutes. The formulation, which is supplied in single use vials, is a cationic oil-in-water emulsion of cyclosporine.

No

Yes

Cyclosporine

Topical

Prescription

0.1%